![]() ![]() ![]() The quantitation of cannabinoids via GC analysis is not suitable for measuring acidic cannabinoids the analysis of acidic cannabinoids with GC requires an extra derivatization step and liquid chromatography is a highly solvent-consuming technique. For example, chromatography may not provide enough resolution to analyse complex cannabis mixtures. However, several studies have shown that the chromatographic separation of cannabinoids and their quantitation often present difficulties. These methods are well-established and quite effective in the field of cannabis analysis. Quantitative analysis of cannabinoids is performed primarily using high performance liquid chromatography combined with ultraviolet detector or mass detector (HPLC–UV/MS) and gas chromatography combined with flame detector or mass detector (GC–FID/MS). The most important advantage of the COSY NMR quantitation method was the determination of the legality of cannabis plants, extracts, and edible oils based on their THC/THCA content, particularly in the cases of some samples for which the determination of THC/THCA content by 1H qNMR was not feasible. However, complex extracts in 1H-NMR may have a lot of signals, and quantitation with this method is often hampered by peak overlap, with 2D NMR providing a solution to this obstacle. The 1H-NMR method does not require the use of reference compounds, and it requires only a short time for analysis. The two methods were applied for the analysis of hemp plants cannabis extracts edible cannabis medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and hemp seed oils and cosmetic products with cannabinoids. The COSY qNMR method was applied for the quantitation of CBD, CBDA, CBN, CBG/CBGA, and THC/THCA. Moreover, cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (Δ9-THCVA) can be distinguished from CBDA and Δ9-THCA respectively, while cannabigerovarin (CBGV) and Δ8-tetrahydrocannabivarin (Δ8-THCV) present the same 1H-spectra as CBG and Δ8-THC, respectively. The 1H qNMR method was successfully developed for the quantitation of cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabinol (CBN), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabichromenic acid (CBCA), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (Δ9-THCA), Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC), cannabielsoin (CBE), and cannabidivarin (CBDV). Based on previously described qNMR studies, we developed an expanded 1H qNMR method and a novel 2D-COSY qNMR method for the rapid quantitation of ten major phytocannabinoids in cannabis plant extracts and cannabis-based products. The widespread use of phytocannabinoids or cannabis extracts as ingredients in numerous types of products, in combination with the legal restrictions on THC content, has created a need for the development of new, rapid, and universal analytical methods for their quantitation that ideally could be applied without separation and standards. ![]()
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